Information on Service 'Planetary Nebulae: results of abs spectroscopy'

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This table contains compiled data on Galactic planetary nebulae based on absolute optical spectroscopy. It is primarily derived from spectroscopic observations, supplemented by selected values from other sources. Based on these data, physical characteristics of the nebulae were calculated, including sizes, densities, temperatures, and parameters of the central stars.

For each object, the table includes its identifiers, excitation class, and interstellar extinction at H_beta. Morphological and distance-related properties are given through angular diameters (Diam_arcsec), physical sizes (Diam_pc), and distances (D_kpc). Electron densities are derived from [SII] 6717/6731 ratios.

Effective temperatures of central stars were estimated using both Zanstra method (T_HI) and empirical calibrations based on [OIII] lines (T0_[OIII], T1_[OIII]), corresponding to the beginning and end of the observational interval. These values are expressed in 10**4 K units.

The columns delta_t_obs_year and delta_t_model_year provide the duration of available observations and the time span over which the photoionization model reproduces observed changes. Model number and progenitor mass were taken from M. Bertolami (2016, A&A 588, A25; doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201526577). The age of the nebula is estimated from the same model set.

Absolute fluxes of emission lines are provided for H_beta HeII 4685, [OIII] 5007, H_alpha, [NII] 6583, HeI 6678, [SII] 6717/6731, HeI 7065, [ArIII] 7136, and [OI] 7324. Each flux entry includes a measurement uncertainty; all fluxes are in erg cm**-2 s**-1. A separate column indicates the power-of-ten exponent to be applied where applicable.

The final column lists reference codes for the sources of spectroscopic data, primarily indicating the source of absolute flux calibration for H_beta and associated lines.

The table is provided in a machine-readable format. For each quantity, values are organized into separate columns: value, uncertainty, and, where applicable, a power-of-ten exponent (e.g., value * 10**power). This structure ensures precise numerical handling and interoperability with Virtual Observatory tools and pipelines.

For a list of all services and tables belonging to this service's resource, see Information on resource 'Planetary Nebulae: results of abs spectroscopy'

Overview

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This service is published as follows:

local means it is listed on our front page, ivo_managed means it has a record in the VO registry.

Input Fields

The following fields are available to provide input to the service (with some renderers, some of these fields may be unavailable):

NameTable Head DescriptionUnitUCD
age_year Age Estimated age of the planetary nebula. yr time.age
Diam_arcsec Diam″ Angular diameter (2*radius) of the nebula in arcseconds. Zero means stellar like object. arcsec phys.angSize;stat.min
Diam_pc Diam_pc Physical radius (2*radius) of the nebula in parsecs. pc phys.size.radius
Dist_kpc Dist Distance to the planetary nebula in kiloparsecs. kpc pos.distance;src
name Name Search by object name or alternative name. N/A meta.id;src

Default Output Fields

The following fields are contained in the output by default. More fields may be available for selection; these would be given below in the VOTable output fields.

NameTable Head DescriptionUnitUCD
age_year Age Estimated age of the planetary nebula. yr time.age
alt_name AltName Alternative name of the object. N/A meta.id;src
ArIII_7136 [ArIII]_7136 Observed flux of the [Ar III] 7136 Angstrom line. erg cm**-2 s**-1 phot.flux;em.line.ArIII
ArIII_7136_err [ArIII]_7136_err Uncertainty in the [Ar III] 7136 Angstrom flux. erg cm**-2 s**-1 stat.error;phot.flux;em.line.ArIII
delta_t_model_year dt_model Time interval in the photoionization model over which the observed variations are reproduced. yr time.duration;model
delta_t_obs_year dt_obs Time span in years between the first and last spectroscopic observations used in the analysis. yr time.duration;obs
Diam_arcsec Diam″ Angular diameter (2*radius) of the nebula in arcseconds. Zero means stellar like object. arcsec phys.angSize;stat.min
Diam_pc Diam_pc Physical radius (2*radius) of the nebula in parsecs. pc phys.size.radius
Diam_sign DiamQual Qualifier for the physical radius: limit ('>', '<') or blank. N/A meta.code.qual
Dist_kpc Dist Distance to the planetary nebula in kiloparsecs. kpc pos.distance;src
excitation_class ExcClass Excitation class of the nebula, typically 'low' or 'high'. N/A phys.atmol.ionStage
extinction_C_Hbeta C(H_beta) Logarithmic extinction at Hβ. N/A phys.absorption.gal
F_H_beta F(H_beta) Observed H_beta flux in erg cm⁻² s⁻¹. erg cm**-2 s**-1 phot.flux;em.line.Hbeta
F_H_beta_err F(H_beta)_err Uncertainty in the observed H_beta flux. erg cm**-2 s**-1 stat.error;phot.flux;em.line.Hbeta
F_H_beta_power F(H_beta)_pow Power of 10 to apply to the Hβ flux (F × 10^power). N/A arith.factor
H_alpha_6563 H_alpha Observed flux of the Hα 6563 Angstrom line. erg cm**-2 s**-1 phot.flux;em.line.Halpha
H_alpha_6563_err H_alpha_err Uncertainty in the H_alpha 6563 Angstrom flux. erg cm**-2 s**-1 stat.error;phot.flux;em.line.Halpha
HeI_6678 HeI_6678 Observed flux of the He I 6678 Angstrom line. erg cm**-2 s**-1 phot.flux;em.line.HeI
HeI_6678_err HeI_6678_err Uncertainty in the He I 6678 Angstrom flux. erg cm**-2 s**-1 stat.error;phot.flux;em.line.HeI
HeI_7065 HeI_7065 Observed flux of the He I 7065 Angstrom line. erg cm**-2 s**-1 phot.flux;em.line.HeI
HeI_7065_err HeI_7065_err Uncertainty in the He I 7065 Angstrom flux. erg cm**-2 s**-1 stat.error;phot.flux;em.line.HeI
HeII_4685 HeII_4685 Observed flux of the He II 4685 Angstrom line. erg cm**-2 s**-1 phot.flux;em.line.HeII
HeII_4685_err HeII_4685_err Uncertainty in the He II 4685 Angstrom flux. erg cm**-2 s**-1 stat.error;phot.flux;em.line.HeII
mass_prog_star M_prog Initial mass of the progenitor star in solar masses according to the selected model. solMass phys.mass;star
model_num Model Number of model from doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201526577. N/A meta.code;model
Ne_SII Ne_[SII] Electron density derived from the [SII] 6717/6731 line ratio. cm**-3 phys.density.electron
Ne_SII_err Ne_[SII]_err Uncertainty in electron density from [SII] lines. cm**-3 stat.error;phys.density.electron
Ne_SII_power Ne_[SII]_power Power of 10 to apply to Ne_[SII] value (i.e., Ne × 10^power). N/A arith.factor
NII_6583 [NII]_6583 Observed flux of the [N II] 6583 Angstrom line. erg cm**-2 s**-1 phot.flux;em.line.NII
NII_6583_err [NII]_6583_err Uncertainty in the [N II] 6583 Angstrom flux. erg cm**-2 s**-1 stat.error;phot.flux;em.line.NII
object Object Primary identifier of the planetary nebula. N/A meta.id;src
obs_day Obs_day Day of observation (if known). N/A time.epoch
obs_month Obs_month1 Month of first observation (if known). If there is the second month, then the column means 'from' the month N/A time.epoch
obs_month_2 Obs_month2 Ending month of observation (if applicable). It means 'to' the month N/A time.epoch
obs_year Obs_year1 Year of observation. If there is the second year, then the column means 'from' the year yr time.epoch
obs_year_2 Obs_year2 Ending year of observation (if applicable). It means 'to' the year. yr time.epoch
OI_7324 [OI]_7324 Observed flux of the [O I] 7324 Angstrom line. erg cm**-2 s**-1 phot.flux;em.line.OI
OI_7324_err [OI]_7324_err Uncertainty in the [O I] 7324 Angstrom flux. erg cm**-2 s**-1 stat.error;phot.flux;em.line.OI
OIII_5007 [OIII]_5007 Observed flux of the [O III] 5007 Angstrom line. erg cm**-2 s**-1 phot.flux;em.line.OIII
OIII_5007_err [OIII]_5007_err Uncertainty in the [O III] 5007 Angstrom flux. erg cm**-2 s**-1 stat.error;phot.flux;em.line.OIII
SII_6717 [SII]_6717 Observed flux of the [S II] 6717 Angstrom line. erg cm**-2 s**-1 phot.flux;em.line.SII
SII_6717_err [SII]_6717_err Uncertainty in the [S II] 6717 Angstrom flux. erg cm**-2 s**-1 stat.error;phot.flux;em.line.SII
SII_6731 [SII]_6731 Observed flux of the [S II] 6731 Angstrom line. erg cm**-2 s**-1 phot.flux;em.line.SII
SII_6731_err [SII]_6731_err Uncertainty in the [S II] 6731 Angstrom flux. erg cm**-2 s**-1 stat.error;phot.flux;em.line.SII
spec_ref Ref Reference code for spectroscopic data source. Only provided for Hβ and related absolute line fluxes. N/A meta.bib.bibcode
T0_OIII T0_[OIII] Effective temperature of the central star at the beginning of observations, derived using the empirical method based on [O III] lines. K phys.temperature.effective
T0_OIII_err T0_[OIII]_err Uncertainty in the effective temperature T0_[OIII]. K stat.error;phys.temperature.effective
T0_OIII_power T0_pow Power of 10 to apply to T0_[OIII] value. N/A arith.factor
T1_OIII T1_[OIII] Effective temperature of the central star at the end of observations, derived using the empirical method based on [O III] lines. K phys.temperature.effective
T1_OIII_err T1_[OIII]_err Uncertainty in the effective temperature T1_[OIII]. K stat.error;phys.temperature.effective
T1_OIII_power T1_[OIII_]pow Power of 10 to apply to T1_[OIII] value. N/A arith.factor
T_HI T_HI Effective temperature of the central star derived using the Zanstra method (based on H I Balmer discontinuity). K phys.temperature.effective
T_HI_err T_HI_err Uncertainty in effective temperature T_HI. K stat.error;phys.temperature.effective
T_HI_power T_HI_pow Power of 10 to apply to T_HI value. N/A arith.factor

VOTable Output Fields

The following fields are available in VOTable output. The verbosity level is a number intended to represent the relative importance of the field on a scale of 1 to 30. The services take a VERB argument. A field is included in the output if their verbosity level is less or equal VERB*10.

NameTable Head DescriptionUnitUCD Verb. Level
object Object Primary identifier of the planetary nebula. N/A meta.id;src 1
obs_year Obs_year1 Year of observation. If there is the second year, then the column means 'from' the year yr time.epoch 1
obs_year_2 Obs_year2 Ending year of observation (if applicable). It means 'to' the year. yr time.epoch 1
obs_month Obs_month1 Month of first observation (if known). If there is the second month, then the column means 'from' the month N/A time.epoch 1
obs_month_2 Obs_month2 Ending month of observation (if applicable). It means 'to' the month N/A time.epoch 1
obs_day Obs_day Day of observation (if known). N/A time.epoch 1
F_H_beta F(H_beta) Observed H_beta flux in erg cm⁻² s⁻¹. erg cm**-2 s**-1 phot.flux;em.line.Hbeta 1
F_H_beta_power F(H_beta)_pow Power of 10 to apply to the Hβ flux (F × 10^power). N/A arith.factor 1
HeII_4685 HeII_4685 Observed flux of the He II 4685 Angstrom line. erg cm**-2 s**-1 phot.flux;em.line.HeII 1
OIII_5007 [OIII]_5007 Observed flux of the [O III] 5007 Angstrom line. erg cm**-2 s**-1 phot.flux;em.line.OIII 1
H_alpha_6563 H_alpha Observed flux of the Hα 6563 Angstrom line. erg cm**-2 s**-1 phot.flux;em.line.Halpha 1
NII_6583 [NII]_6583 Observed flux of the [N II] 6583 Angstrom line. erg cm**-2 s**-1 phot.flux;em.line.NII 1
HeI_6678 HeI_6678 Observed flux of the He I 6678 Angstrom line. erg cm**-2 s**-1 phot.flux;em.line.HeI 1
SII_6717 [SII]_6717 Observed flux of the [S II] 6717 Angstrom line. erg cm**-2 s**-1 phot.flux;em.line.SII 1
SII_6731 [SII]_6731 Observed flux of the [S II] 6731 Angstrom line. erg cm**-2 s**-1 phot.flux;em.line.SII 1
HeI_7065 HeI_7065 Observed flux of the He I 7065 Angstrom line. erg cm**-2 s**-1 phot.flux;em.line.HeI 1
ArIII_7136 [ArIII]_7136 Observed flux of the [Ar III] 7136 Angstrom line. erg cm**-2 s**-1 phot.flux;em.line.ArIII 1
OI_7324 [OI]_7324 Observed flux of the [O I] 7324 Angstrom line. erg cm**-2 s**-1 phot.flux;em.line.OI 1
OI_7324_err [OI]_7324_err Uncertainty in the [O I] 7324 Angstrom flux. erg cm**-2 s**-1 stat.error;phot.flux;em.line.OI 1
extinction_C_Hbeta C(H_beta) Logarithmic extinction at Hβ. N/A phys.absorption.gal 5
F_H_beta_err F(H_beta)_err Uncertainty in the observed H_beta flux. erg cm**-2 s**-1 stat.error;phot.flux;em.line.Hbeta 5
HeII_4685_err HeII_4685_err Uncertainty in the He II 4685 Angstrom flux. erg cm**-2 s**-1 stat.error;phot.flux;em.line.HeII 5
OIII_5007_err [OIII]_5007_err Uncertainty in the [O III] 5007 Angstrom flux. erg cm**-2 s**-1 stat.error;phot.flux;em.line.OIII 5
H_alpha_6563_err H_alpha_err Uncertainty in the H_alpha 6563 Angstrom flux. erg cm**-2 s**-1 stat.error;phot.flux;em.line.Halpha 5
NII_6583_err [NII]_6583_err Uncertainty in the [N II] 6583 Angstrom flux. erg cm**-2 s**-1 stat.error;phot.flux;em.line.NII 5
HeI_6678_err HeI_6678_err Uncertainty in the He I 6678 Angstrom flux. erg cm**-2 s**-1 stat.error;phot.flux;em.line.HeI 5
SII_6731_err [SII]_6731_err Uncertainty in the [S II] 6731 Angstrom flux. erg cm**-2 s**-1 stat.error;phot.flux;em.line.SII 5
HeI_7065_err HeI_7065_err Uncertainty in the He I 7065 Angstrom flux. erg cm**-2 s**-1 stat.error;phot.flux;em.line.HeI 5
ArIII_7136_err [ArIII]_7136_err Uncertainty in the [Ar III] 7136 Angstrom flux. erg cm**-2 s**-1 stat.error;phot.flux;em.line.ArIII 5
alt_name AltName Alternative name of the object. N/A meta.id;src 15
excitation_class ExcClass Excitation class of the nebula, typically 'low' or 'high'. N/A phys.atmol.ionStage 15
Diam_arcsec Diam″ Angular diameter (2*radius) of the nebula in arcseconds. Zero means stellar like object. arcsec phys.angSize;stat.min 15
Diam_sign DiamQual Qualifier for the physical radius: limit ('>', '<') or blank. N/A meta.code.qual 15
Diam_pc Diam_pc Physical radius (2*radius) of the nebula in parsecs. pc phys.size.radius 15
Dist_kpc Dist Distance to the planetary nebula in kiloparsecs. kpc pos.distance;src 15
Ne_SII Ne_[SII] Electron density derived from the [SII] 6717/6731 line ratio. cm**-3 phys.density.electron 15
Ne_SII_err Ne_[SII]_err Uncertainty in electron density from [SII] lines. cm**-3 stat.error;phys.density.electron 15
Ne_SII_power Ne_[SII]_power Power of 10 to apply to Ne_[SII] value (i.e., Ne × 10^power). N/A arith.factor 15
T_HI T_HI Effective temperature of the central star derived using the Zanstra method (based on H I Balmer discontinuity). K phys.temperature.effective 15
T_HI_err T_HI_err Uncertainty in effective temperature T_HI. K stat.error;phys.temperature.effective 15
T_HI_power T_HI_pow Power of 10 to apply to T_HI value. N/A arith.factor 15
T0_OIII T0_[OIII] Effective temperature of the central star at the beginning of observations, derived using the empirical method based on [O III] lines. K phys.temperature.effective 15
T0_OIII_err T0_[OIII]_err Uncertainty in the effective temperature T0_[OIII]. K stat.error;phys.temperature.effective 15
T0_OIII_power T0_pow Power of 10 to apply to T0_[OIII] value. N/A arith.factor 15
T1_OIII T1_[OIII] Effective temperature of the central star at the end of observations, derived using the empirical method based on [O III] lines. K phys.temperature.effective 15
delta_t_obs_year dt_obs Time span in years between the first and last spectroscopic observations used in the analysis. yr time.duration;obs 15
delta_t_model_year dt_model Time interval in the photoionization model over which the observed variations are reproduced. yr time.duration;model 15
age_year Age Estimated age of the planetary nebula. yr time.age 15
spec_ref Ref Reference code for spectroscopic data source. Only provided for Hβ and related absolute line fluxes. N/A meta.bib.bibcode 15
T1_OIII_err T1_[OIII]_err Uncertainty in the effective temperature T1_[OIII]. K stat.error;phys.temperature.effective 20
T1_OIII_power T1_[OIII_]pow Power of 10 to apply to T1_[OIII] value. N/A arith.factor 20
model_num Model Number of model from doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201526577. N/A meta.code;model 20
mass_prog_star M_prog Initial mass of the progenitor star in solar masses according to the selected model. solMass phys.mass;star 20
SII_6717_err [SII]_6717_err Uncertainty in the [S II] 6717 Angstrom flux. erg cm**-2 s**-1 stat.error;phot.flux;em.line.SII 20

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